树莓派定时任务crontab，2020.6.12添加：Github Action也可以按这个格式设置定时运行。

操作

进入crontab设置

1	(sudo) crontab -e

(sudo) 指以何用户身份运行
实际是打开存放设置的文件

其中排列格式为：

使用(sudo) crontab -e不用添加用户

#  m    h    dom    mon    dow    （user）    command
#  分    时    日    月      周    （用户）    命令
#
#       m:表示分钟1～59 每分钟用*或者 */1表示
#       h:表示小时1～23（0表示0点）
#     dom:表示日期1～31
#     mon:表示月份1～12
#     dow:标识号星期0～6（0表示星期天）
#    user:表示执行命令的用户
# command:表示要执行的命令
#
#   * 代表任意数值

设置重启命令

1 2	每天凌晨一点重启树莓派 00 01 * * * root /sbin/shutdown -r now

间隔时间任务

Github Action验证过的：

0 */1 * * * /usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart
#每一小时重启apache

0 23-7/1 * * * /usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart
#晚上11点到早上7点之间，每隔一小时重启apache

另外一种格式：

0 */1 * * * /usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart
#每一小时重启apache

0 23-7/1 * * * /usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart
#晚上11点到早上7点之间，每隔一小时重启apache

运行定时任务

重启操作系统即可

参考资料

Scheduling tasks with Cron

此摘自树莓派文档

Cron is a tool for configuring scheduled tasks on Unix systems. It is used to schedule commands or scripts to run periodically and at fixed intervals. Tasks range from backing up the user’s home folders every day at midnight, to logging CPU information every hour.

The command crontab (cron table) is used to edit the list of scheduled tasks in operation, and is done on a per-user basis; each user (including root) has their own crontab.

Cron GUI

A graphical application for Cron is available by installing the gnome-schedule package:

1	sudo apt install gnome-schedule

You can then launch the program Scheduled Tasks from the main menu.

Editing crontab

Run crontab with the -e flag to edit the cron table:

1	crontab -e

Select an editor

The first time you run crontab you’ll be prompted to select an editor; if you are not sure which one to use, choose nano by pressing Enter.

Add a scheduled task

The layout for a cron entry is made up of six components: minute, hour, day of month, month of year, day of week, and the command to be executed.

1	# m h dom mon dow command

# * * * * *  command to execute
# ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ └───── day of week (0 - 7) (0 to 6 are Sunday to Saturday, or use names; 7 is Sunday, the same as 0)
# │ │ │ └────────── month (1 - 12)
# │ │ └─────────────── day of month (1 - 31)
# │ └──────────────────── hour (0 - 23)
# └───────────────────────── min (0 - 59)

For example:

1	0 0 * * * /home/pi/backup.sh

This cron entry would run the backup.sh script every day at midnight.

View scheduled tasks

View your currently saved scheduled tasks with:

1	crontab -l

Run a task on reboot

To run a command every time the Raspberry Pi starts up, write @reboot instead of the time and date. For example:

1	@reboot python /home/pi/myscript.py

This will run your Python script every time the Raspberry Pi reboots. If you want your command to be run in the background while the Raspberry Pi continues starting up, add a space and & at the end of the line, like this:

1	@reboot python /home/pi/myscript.py &

and & at the end of the line, like this:

1	@reboot python /home/pi/myscript.py &

树莓派定时任务crontab

操作